Lined tube.



W. B-URLINGHAM.

LINED TUBE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 19, 1915.

Patented Dec. 28, 1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

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VENTOR mm E c. Q m m H m WITNESSES Original application filed March 30, 1915, Serial No. 18,068.

UNITED TATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM BURLINGHAM, F NEWPORT NEWS, VIRGINIA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO JOSEPH BRIGGS WEAVER, OF NEWPORT NEWS, VIRGINIA.

LINED TUBE.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, VVILLIAM BURLING- HAM, a citizen of the United States, residing at Newport News, county of Warwick, State of Virginia, have invented a new and useful Lined Tube, of which the following is a specification.

or conical block has been drawn or dragged through the lining, thereby expanding the same to some extent and pressing it into contact with the inner surface of the outer tube, fluid pressure being thereafter sometimes employedto complete the expansion of the lining memberand it being also necessary in some instances to provide tracks, drums or the like for the expanding device all of which have been found in practice to be open to more or less objection.

I have found from practical experience that lined tubes produced by the devices of the prior art are-unsatisfactory for the reason that the contiguous surfaces of the lining member and outer tube are not in practice sufliciently intimately pressed into contact with each other, so that all-interstices on the inner periphery of the outer tube are .completely filled and engaged by the outersurface of the lining member and furthermore when lead is employed as a lining it is at times drawn-apart by the friction of the mandrel during its progression therethrough. Furthermore by the devices of the prior art it is difiicult or impracticable to produce a curved lined pipe and in the devices of the prior art it has furthermore been generally deemed impracticable to produce a satisfactory-lined tube, lined with material other than lead pipe, but. in my [invention I am enabled to produce either a straight or curved tube having any malleable metal lining desired, my invention furthermore comprising a lined tube of any desired Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 28, 1915. Divided and this application filed July 19,

Serial No. 40,761.

diameter or curvature having the characteristics hereinafter described.

In the production of my novel product, I employ one form of apparatus which is at present preferred by me, since the same will give 1n practice satisfactory and reliable results and while the method and apparatus preferably employed by me constitute per 86 no part of the present invention, since the same are described in a contemporaneously pending application filed by me, I have deemed it essential in order that those skilled in the art may have a thorough and exact knowledge of my present invention to describe in detail the apparatus and method whereby my novel product is attained, the present case being a division of'a contemporaneously pending case filed by me on March 80th, 1915, Serial No. 18,068.

In. its broad aspects my invention can be produced in the desired manner by various mechanisms, the lining member after having been placed in position within the outer tube having every portion of the outer surface thereof hammered into close and intimate contact with the contiguous surface of the outer pipe by hammering blows impacting thereon at substantially a right angle to the axis of the tube, as contradistinguished from being merely outwardly pressed against the inner periphery of the tube, as in the prior art, whereby all the dc pressions, cavities and interstices of said outer pipe are fully and completely filled by the outer molecules of the inner malleable lining member, said molecules being hammered into intimate relation and engagement with the contiguous surface of the outer tube, as distinguished from prior devices wherein the lining member is merely pressed against the outer tube by the .progression of a conical or other shaped block or. mandrel.

In carryingout the broad features of my invention, various types of mechanism may no be employed, but I preferably employ a plurality of expanding heads or hammering members, which are vibrated with great rapidity by a reciprocating piston, and

which may be advanced or retracted or re- 10.5

ciprocated step by step and step by step expanded or spread apart, within the entire length of the tube to be lined, so that by the successive, advancing reciprocations and successive impacts 'of the hammering devices, the latter will rapidly, progressively and simultaneously expand and smoothly hammer out the lining within and throughout the entire. length of the tube, so that the contiguous surfaces of the latter and said lining will be pressed into intimate contact with each other and all cavities, depressions and interstices on the inner surface of the outer tube will be completely filled by the lining member.

o the above ends, my invention consists of the novel product hereinafter referred to.

For the purpose of illustrating my invention, I have shown herein certain forms thereof which are at present preferred by me, since the same will be found in practice to give satisfactory and reliable results, although it is to be understood that the various instrumentalitie's of which my invention consists can be variously arranged and organized and that my invention is not limited to the precise arrangement and organization of these instrumentalities as herein shown and described.

Figure 1 represents a side elevation of one type of a pneumatic percussive tube lining tool embodying my invention, showing also in section aportion of a tube and the.lining therefor. Fig. 2 represents a central,'lon'gitudinal, sectional elevation of the tool represented in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 represents an end elevation of the hammer head of the tool of Figs. '1 spective, oneof the vibratory hammerhea'ds of the tool removed therefrom. Fig. 5 re presents in a view similar to that of Fig; 2, a

' modified form'of my tool. Fig. 6 represents on an enlarged scale, a sectional View of the lining member and outer tube in their initial position. Fig.' 7 represents a longi tudinal, sectional view of a tube lined by my novel apparatus. Fig. 8 represents a section on-line w-;v Fig. 7...

Similar numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts in the figures.

In carrying out the broad principles of my invention, it will be apparent that-vari- 'der, body or v sion tool, preferably formed with a "series of] and efiiciently scription and manner ous forms of mechanism may be employed, as stated, andl do not desire to be limited to any particulartype of apparatus or pneumatic percussivetool for this purpose. I have, however, devised apneumatic percussive implement havinig hammering members and their adjuncts o anovel construction, wherein my invention can be satlsfactorlly is. as follows 1 Referring to the fir'st three figures of the drawings :--1 designates the casing,'cylinbarrel of a pneumatic preousouter longltudinal grooves 2, which extend radially inward in its preferably cylindrical wan. --3 -is an enlarged threaded bore, which and 2. Fig. 4 represe'ntsin per-.,

carried out,- the detailed de f operation of which forms the inner chamber of the casing. Throughout a. portion and preferably about mi'dwaypf-its length, the casing is enlarged to form a circumferential internal chamber 1, which terminates forwardly at a shoulder 8, beyond which and at about its outer end, the bore of the cylinder is contracted to form the outer chamber 6, which conforms to the external diameter of the piston or plunger 7, the internal end of .which plunger is formed with a circumferential outwardly extending piston 5 adapted in the outward reciprocation of the plunger to encounter the shoulder 8 of the casing chamber 4 and limit the forward stroke of the plunger. It will now be understood that the casing contains three chambers of different diameters, the inner chamber 3, which is merely a convenient enlargement of the bore, the middle chamber 4 and the outer chamber 6, within the two latter of which the plunger is contained and reciprocates, and, subject to the limit imposed by the shoulder or piston 5 and stop 8, has its'outward movement. Within the inner chamber 3 of the casing is a threaded head 9, the front face of which is preferably formed with a cup or recess l0 facing toward the hollow interior 11 of the plunger, and which forms a stop.to limit the inward-movement of the said plunger. The threaded head 9 through which is supplied the act ating fluid, preferably compressed air or steam,

under suitable control. A disk or washer l3 fits upon the inlet pipe and is clamped against the innerend of the casing by a-nut 14 upon the threaded inlet pipe. The head 6 is formed with an external peripheral groove, or. channel 15, which by means of radial channels 17, communicates with the hollow bore 16 of the inlet pipe 12. designates a longitudinally extending port formed in the casing, leading from the 'cir- ,cumferential channel 15 of the head9 forwardly: to the circumferential inlet- 19 'of the casing, and opening into the middle it and the plunger, ii1to the hollow interior 11 of which it communicates by ports 20, so that compressed fluid entering the inlet pipe will pass into the hollowint'eri'or' of the plunger to cause its propulsion forward from the head .9 to the limit of movement which the shoulder 5 and stop 8 permit.

res1lientfshanks 2,1 of the independent deextending externally threaded inlet lpe 12, I

.Within the walls of the longitudinal grooves 2 in' the outer periphery of the casv V tachable or removable hammer heads 22, the

segI'nentall-y curved, outer, conical surfaces 23 of which in: the, assemblage of all of the heads, constitute a compact circumferential,

spheroidal, acorn-shaped or conical surface susceptible, by reason of the resiliency of the shanks, of limited expansion and contraction. The general contour of the outer periphery of these heads to form a compact spheroidal external surface will be readily understood from Figs. 1 and 3, and their dimensions and general contour may be varied or modified so long as their assemblage retains a substantially conical form.

which facilitates the introduction and passage of the implement into and through the tube lining. The hammer heads 22 are formed with converging inner walls 2 1, which coact with the outer or forward tapered end 25 of the plunger, the impact of the latter on said walls imparting a rapid vibratory movement to said hammering heads.

The form of the resilient shanks of a given hammer head is not essential, although I prefer to make them of sufficient proportions to fit within the longitudinal external groove 2 of the casing. These grooves, however, may be dispensed with and in Fig. 5, I have shown another construction in which the shanks merely contact with the exterior of the casing, the longitudinal grooves being dispensed with, said shanks being solely dependent for their proper positioning upon and with respect to the casing upon the devices by which in both constructions I prefer to connect them with the tool and which are conveniently the following 2-26 are offsets, or inwardly bent inner ends of the shanks, which are extended rearwardly as longitudinal tongues 27, the outer faces of which may be convex and located within a flanged cap 28 threaded upon the inlet pipe and secured by an outer nut 29, which clamps the offset portions of said shanks against an inner nut 30 on the inlet pipe.

31 designates the tube to be lined, and 32 the lining therein. i

The pneumatic percussion tool illustrated and described is of the well-known valveless type, but may be of any other convenient construction in which the hammering piston or plunger is not only, in the manipulation or movement of the tool itself, rapidly step by step advanced, but also rapidly reciprocated.

In its operation the motive fluid flows through the inlet pipe and the ports or channels in the threaded head to the ports or channels which ultimately open intothe plunger, so as to cause the latter to reciprocate with great rapidity, and cause its conical outer end to strike the inner converging surfaces of the hammer heads to expand the latter with great rapidity and almost instantaneous successiveness against the lining 32 within the tube 31, to beat or hammer it outwardly radially or at substantially a right angle to the axis of the tube and thereby hammer every portion of the outer periphery of the lining into all the cavities, depressions and interstices of the contiguous inner wall of the tube to be lined.

When the ports in the plunger are uncovered at the extremity of its outward stroke, the fluid behind and within the plunger will exhaust between the hammer heads and escape through the tube and the pressure of the motive fluid against the shoulder of the piston 5 will cause the return stroke of the plunger, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

The spring shanks 21 of the vibrating hammers 23 being of sufficient resiliency, will cause the hammer heads to spring inwardly toward the axis of the tool, when the tapering outward end of the rapidly reciprocating plunger recedes from between their converging inner surfaces, and, as explained, the rapidly repeated impacts of the tapering end of the plunger will cause the hammer heads to vibrate with great rapidity, their external conical surfaces striking hard hammering blows against the lining.

It will be apparent from the sectional .view in Figs. 7 and 8, that the result of the impacts of the hammering blows which are exerted upon the lining member 32 radially or at substantially a right angle to the axis'thereof, will be to force every portion of the molecules of the outer periphery of the lining member 32 into close and intimate contact with the inner wall of the outer tube 31, as indicated at 33, so that a lined tube produced by my apparatus will possess far greater advantages than can .be attained by any of the apparatus of the prior art, wherein the lining member is simply pressed outwardly against the contiguous surface of the tool. It will further be apparent that by my invention, any malleable lining can be hammered in position in a quick and effective manner, and that straight or curved tubes of any diameter can be readily and quickly lined by the application thereto of my apparatus, my invention being equally capable of adaptation to curved tubes, which have heretofore been lined withgreat. difficulty. By the employment of my novel implement herein described, and by manually or otherwise advancing and retracting the implement during the hammering operation incident to lining a tube, every portion of the outer periphery of the lining member will be hammered into close and intimate contact with the contiguous inner wall of the tube, as is evident.

It will be apparent that the exact contour of the hammering heads may be slightly changed without departing from the sp1r1t of my invention. It will further be apparent that in carrying out the broad principles of my invention, it is not necessary for the resilient shanks 21 to be located within longitudinal grooves in the body of the implement, as the same can be merely placed around the outer periphery of said body,

"it being, however, preferable in every 1nstance that the hammering heads 22 when in their closed or normal position, appear substantially as seen in Figs. 1 and 3, so as to have theirhammering surfaces assume as nearly as possible the cylindrical, conical or acorn-shaped outer contour, substantially as shown, so as to effectually hammer the lining member in position.

My invention is differentiated from devices which have been employed to expand the ends of tubes or fiues into a tube sheet, since such devices are applicable only to theend of the tube, whereas one salient feature of my device is the capability of the implement to be manually or otherwise moved bodily to and fro within the tube to be lined throughout the entire length thereof, simultaneously with the vibration of the hammering heads against the lining member, whereby the intimate contact of the lining with the outer tube is eflected.

So far as I am aware, I amthe first in the art to produce, as a new product or article of manufacture, a lined tube comprising an outer member and an inner lining member, the outer periphery of said inner member being hammered interiorly into close and direct contact with the outer contiguous surface of, the outer member, so that all cavities, depressions and interstices of the inner surface of'said outer member are completely .filled and my claims to. these novel features of my invention are to be interpreted with corresponding scope accorded to a pioneer invention.

'It will now'be apparent that I have de--' I vised anovel and useful lined tube which described the preferred embodiments thereof her, are completely filled.

which will give in practice satisfactory and reliable results, it is to be understood that the same are susceptible of modification in various particulars-Without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention or sacrificing any of its advantages.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

l. As a new article of manufacture, a lined tube, comprising an outer member and an inner lining member, the outer periphery of said inner memberbeing hammered into close and intimate contact with the inner contiguous surface of the outer member, so that all the cavities, depressions and interstices of the inner surface of said outer mem- 2. As a new article of manufacture, an outer tube of non-malleable metal having a lining of malleable metal, the" outer periphery of said malleable lining being hammered throughout its length into close and intimate contact with the inner contiguous surface ofsaid outentube, whereby all the cavities, depressions and interstices of the inner surface of -said outer tube are completely filled by. said malleable lining.

3. As a new article of manufacture, a

lined or composite tube comprisingan outer.

member and an'inner lining member, the outer periphery of said inner member being hammered into close and intimate contact with the inner contiguous surface ofthe.

outer .member by hammer blows directed. I

upon said inner member in a radial outward direction throughout the entire length ofthe tube so that all the cavities, depress5 sions and'interstices on the inner surface of said outermember are completely filled by the outer surfaceof said inner lining member. WI nIAM BURLINGHAM.

-Witnessesz i GEorcoE A? PARKER,

' MoG. LnvtroN," 

